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deuteron是什么意思，deuteron翻译
deuteron
The deuteron, also known as the deuterium nucleus, is a subatomic particle composed of one proton and one neutron. It is the nucleus of deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen. Deuterium is naturally occurring, making up about 0.015% of all hydrogen atoms in the universe. The deuteron is an important particle in nuclear physics and has various applications in research and technology.
The discovery of the deuteron is credited to James Chadwick in 1932. Chadwick conducted experiments with alpha particles and discovered that some of them were deflected by a larger angle than expected. This led him to conclude that there was a previously unknown, neutral particle present in the nucleus of deuterium. Chadwick named this particle the neutron, but it was later realized that the particle he discovered was actually the deuteron.
The deuteron is unique among hadrons, which are particles made up of quarks, because it is the only hadron that is stable and not composed of up and down quarks. Instead, it is made up of one up quark and one down quark, with the down quark being attracted to the proton by the strong nuclear force. The deuteron is also the only hadron that does not contain any strange quarks, which are responsible for the instability of other hadrons.
Despite being stable, the deuteron is not an eigenstate of the strong nuclear force, meaning that it is not held together by the strong force in the same way that protons and neutrons are in a nucleus. Instead, the deuteron is held together by the tensor force, which is a component of the strong nuclear force that favors the presence of a tensor interaction between nucleons. This tensor force is stronger for the deuteron than for other nuclei, which is why the deuteron is stable.
The deuteron has several important applications in research and technology. One of the most significant applications is in nuclear reactors and nuclear bombs. Deuterium can be used as a fuel in nuclear reactors, and the deuteron is also present in tritium, which is used in hydrogen bombs. Additionally, the deuteron has been used in research on the structure of nucleons and nuclei, as well as in the search for exotic hadrons and quark